Dental diseases and other conditions are among the most naturally occurring health problems diagnosed in dogs. Our vets in San Diego offer information on how these issues can be diagnosed, treated and prevented.
Plaque & Tartar Buildup
Just like humans, dogs can develop plaque and tartar buildup over time, especially without regular dental cleanings. Plaque is a whitish substance primarily made up of bacteria. If left on the tooth, it turn yellow and harden into a substance known as tartar (also referred to as calculus). Tartar will stay stuck to the tooth unless it is scraped off with a tool used by a veterinarian.
Plaque and tartar buildup are the main causes of gum disease and tooth loss in dogs. Signs that your dog may be experiencing problems with their teeth and gums include gingivitis (very red and swollen gum line), discolored deposits on the teeth, and increasingly bad breath. As the dental disease worsens, dogs may experience even worse breath and bleeding of the gums.
Periodontal Disease
Periodontal disease refers to the deterioration of the gums and bone surrounding the tooth. It commonly occurs when untreated plaque and tartar stick to the tooth and make their way beneath the gum line.
This disease starts as gingivitis and develops into periodontal disease as the gum and bone around the tooth deteriorate. As this occurs, pockets can form around the tooth, allowing food and bacteria to collect below the tooth. If left unattended, dangerous infections can develop, and the teeth will begin to fall out.
Common symptoms of periodontal disease and other dental problems in dogs include:
- Discolored teeth (brown or yellow)
- Loose or missing teeth
- Bad breath
- Weight loss
- Inflamed or bleeding gums
- Irritability
- Excessive drooling
- Blood on chew toys or in the water bowl
- Favoring one side of the mouth when chewing
- “Ropey” or bloody saliva
- Reduced appetite
- Problems keeping food in the mouth
If you notice any of these symptoms present in your dog, please contact a veterinarian.
Tooth Fractures
Dogs frequently chew on objects while eating or playing, resulting in tooth fractures. Even common items such as bones or hard plastic used in toys can cause these fractures.
It's important to choose chew toys small enough for the dog to hold comfortably in its mouth but large enough to avoid any risk of swallowing or choking on the toy.
Oral Infections
An oral infection occurs when bacteria fill a pocket around the root of a tooth. These infections are mainly caused by periodontitis but can also result from trauma from chewing on hard or sharp objects. Some infections can be life-threatening if the bacteria enters the bloodstream and causes organ disease or failure in the heart, liver, kidneys, or brain.
How to Prevent Dental Problems
Creating a dental care routine for your dog is a great way to maintain oral hygiene and prevent oral issues.
Introducing food or water additives is an easy way to improve and maintain the health and strength of their teeth and bones. Adjusting your dog's diet can also increase oral hygiene, even with small exchanges like providing dental chews instead of less healthy treats.
Brushing your dog's teeth regularly is an ideal tactic for dog owners to use. Although it is unrealistic, brushing their teeth every day would be best if your dog tolerates the process.
Be sure to bring your dog in for a dental cleaning and examination at least once yearly. Some smaller breeds of dogs should go two or more times a year due to their teeth's shallow roots.
Note: The advice provided in this post is intended for informational purposes and does not constitute medical advice regarding pets. For an accurate diagnosis of your pet's condition, please make an appointment with your vet.